?The dire wolf has been extinct for over 10,000 years. These two wolves were brought back from extinction using genetic edits derived from a complete dire wolf genome, meticulously reconstructed by Colossal from ancient DNA found in fossils dating back 11,500 and 72,000 years.

This moment marks not only a milestone for us as a company but also a leap forward for science, conservation, and humanity. From the beginning, our goal has been clear: To revolutionize history and be the first company to use CRISPR technology successfully in the de-extinction of previously lost species.

The Genesis of the Project

Colossal Biosciences embarked on this ambitious endeavor with the goal of bringing back the dire wolf, a species that roamed North America until its extinction approximately 13,000 years ago. Leveraging advanced genetic engineering techniques, the company's scientists analyzed ancient DNA extracted from two dire wolf specimens—a 13,000-year-old tooth and a 72,000-year-old ear bone. By comparing these genomes with those of modern gray wolves (Canis lupus), they identified key genetic differences responsible for the dire wolf's distinctive traits. Subsequently, they isolated EPC cells from gray wolf blood samples and edited 14 specific genes to express 20 traits associated with the dire wolf phenotype. This process resulted in the creation of embryos that were implanted into surrogate hound mixes, leading to the birth of Romulus and Remus in October 2024, followed by Khaleesi in January 2025.

Physical Characteristics and Development

The three wolf pups exhibit notable physical characteristics reminiscent of the extinct dire wolves. By six months of age, Romulus and Remus each measured nearly four feet in length and weighed approximately 80 pounds (36.3 kg), with projections to reach six feet in length and 150 pounds (68 kg) at full maturity. Khaleesi, the youngest, is following a similar growth trajectory. The pups possess long white coats, a result of specific gene expressions chosen to avoid potential health issues associated with other coat coloration genes. They are currently residing in a 2,000-acre secured ecological preserve, where their behaviors and health are being closely monitored.